What should be done if the patient is not breathing spontaneously?

When a patient is not breathing spontaneously, the priority is to ensure that they receive adequate oxygenation as quickly as possible. Initiating ventilation with supplemental oxygen immediately is critical because hypoxia can lead to serious complications and brain damage in a matter of minutes. This approach focuses on restoring the patient's ability to receive oxygen until further advanced treatment can be provided.

Ventilation with supplemental oxygen helps to provide the necessary air component to reach the lungs and, subsequently, the bloodstream, which is vital for sustaining life. This action directly addresses the immediate need for oxygenation.

The other options, while they may be part of the overall patient care process, do not directly address the urgent need for ventilation in an unresponsive patient. Chest compressions may be indicated if there is no pulse, but in the absence of spontaneous breathing alone, ventilation is the priority. Calling for backup assistance is important but not as immediate as ensuring the patient's airway and oxygenation. Administering oral airway positioning can support ventilation but does not replace the need for immediate artificial ventilation when the patient is not breathing spontaneously.