What is the protocol if a patient does not respond to basic physical stimulus?

When a patient does not respond to basic physical stimulus, the most appropriate protocol is to secure and maintain the airway. In situations where a patient is unresponsive, there is a significant risk of airway obstruction due to the tongue or other factors. Ensuring the airway is open and protected is critical for preventing aspiration and maintaining oxygenation.

Securing the airway involves assessing the patient's level of consciousness and determining if the airway is patent. If it is not, interventions may include positioning the patient appropriately, using airway adjuncts, or preparing for advanced airway management, if necessary. This foundational step is essential before proceeding with any other treatment measures, as an unobstructed airway is vital for effective oxygenation and ventilation.

Other options, while relevant in different contexts, do not address the immediate need for airway protection in an unresponsive patient. For instance, attempting endotracheal intubation is invasive and may not be the first step if basic airway management can be performed effectively. Similarly, performing CPR is only indicated if cardiac arrest is confirmed or strongly suspected. Moving the patient to a recovery position could be appropriate after securing the airway but is secondary to ensuring air access when the patient is non-responsive.