What is a common adverse effect of Aspirin related to its anti-inflammatory properties?

Aspirin is classified as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and is commonly used for its analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory properties. One of the notable adverse effects associated with aspirin, particularly due to its mechanism of action, is gastrointestinal bleeding.

Aspirin works by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, which play a critical role in the production of prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are involved in promoting the protective mucus lining of the gastrointestinal tract and regulating gastric acid secretion. When aspirin inhibits these enzymes, it leads to a decrease in these protective factors, resulting in increased susceptibility to gastric mucosal injury. This can manifest as ulcers, erosions, and ultimately bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract, especially with prolonged use or at higher doses.

The other choices do not directly correlate with the known adverse effects of aspirin's anti-inflammatory function. Elevated heart rate, muscle spasms, and weight gain are not typical reactions associated with aspirin and are more likely related to other medical conditions or medications. Understanding these principles is crucial for recognizing potential risks when administering aspirin to patients.