What does the acronym 'CABC's' stand for in the primary survey?

The acronym 'CABC's' in the context of the primary survey denotes an essential method for assessing and managing patients in emergencies. It stands for Cervical spine, Control exsanguination, Airway, Breathing, and Circulation.

Beginning with the cervical spine, ensuring that the spine is stabilized is critical, especially in cases where traumatic injury is suspected. This immobility helps prevent further injury during assessment and treatment.

Controlling exsanguination is the next step, emphasizing the importance of stopping severe bleeding before other assessments are made, as uncontrolled bleeding can quickly lead to shock and death.

Following these initial steps, emphasis on maintaining a patent airway and assessing breathing is vital. An obstructed airway or ineffective breathing can be life-threatening and requires prompt intervention.

Finally, circulation must be evaluated to ascertain the patient’s hemodynamic status; this includes checking pulse, skin signs, and capillary refill, which provide insight into the effectiveness of the heart and vascular system in delivering oxygen-rich blood throughout the body.

By following this structured approach, first responders can systematically address the most life-threatening conditions, prioritizing interventions based on the urgency of the patient's needs.