What distinguishes heat exhaustion from heat stroke?

The distinction between heat exhaustion and heat stroke is primarily based on the severity of the symptoms and the associated risks to the individual's health. Heat exhaustion is characterized as a milder form of heat illness, often resulting from prolonged exposure to high temperatures, particularly combined with physical exertion. Symptoms may include heavy sweating, weakness, dizziness, nausea, and elevated body temperature, but it generally does not result in brain damage or other severe complications if treated promptly.

In contrast, heat stroke is a severe, life-threatening condition that occurs when the body's temperature regulation fails, resulting in a rapid increase in core body temperature (often above 104°F/40°C). This can lead to serious complications such as organ failure and damage to the brain and other vital organs. At this stage, the individual may experience confusion, altered mental status, or loss of consciousness.

Identifying the difference in severity between heat exhaustion and heat stroke is critical for appropriate management and treatment. Recognizing that heat stroke requires immediate emergency medical intervention due to its life-threatening nature highlights the importance of early recognition and response to heat-related illnesses.