What condition is characterized by a significantly lower than normal body temperature?

The condition characterized by a significantly lower than normal body temperature is hypothermia. This occurs when the body loses heat faster than it can produce it, resulting in a core body temperature that drops below the normal range, typically defined as less than 95°F (35°C). Hypothermia can lead to severe physiological consequences, including decreased heart rate, respiratory issues, and impaired brain function, which can be life-threatening if not addressed promptly.

In contrast, hyperthermia involves an abnormally high body temperature, often due to excessive heat exposure or strenuous activity. Fever is a temporary increase in body temperature, usually due to an illness or infection, indicating a response by the immune system. Heat exhaustion occurs when the body loses too much water and salt, generally from prolonged exposure to high temperatures or excessive sweating, resulting in symptoms such as weakness, dizziness, and nausea, rather than a critical drop in body temperature. Understanding the critical differences between these conditions is essential for proper diagnosis and treatment in emergency situations.